From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia.
Advanced glycation
endproducts (AGEs) are the
result of a chain of chemical
reactions after an initial
glycation reaction. The
intermediate reactions are known,
variously, as Amadori, Shiff and
Maillard reactions after the
researchers who first described
them. The literature is imprecise
in usages of these terms. For
example, Maillard reaction
products are sometimes considered
an intermediate step and other
times as AGEs. Side products
generated in the intermediate
steps may be oxidizing agents such
as hydrogen peroxide, and others,
such as beta amyloid proteins
(Miyata, 1993). AGEs may be formed
external to the body (exogenous)
by heating, or cooking, sugars
with fats or proteins
(Koschinsky,1997); or, inside the
body (endogenous). AGEs may be
less, or more, reactive than the
initial sugars they were formed
from. Immunoreativity of AGEs may
be 200 times higher when cooked
with fructose (Koschinsky 1997).
Many critical cells in the body
such as lungs, liver, kidney and
pancreas have Receptors for
Advanced Glycation Endproducts
(RAGES) that, when populated with
the more reactive AGEs, contribute
to age related chronic
inflammatory diseases such as
atherosclerosis, asthma and
arthritis. There may be some
chemicals, such as aminoguanidine
that limit the formation of AGEs
(Wells-Knecht,1995).
References
- Theodore Koschinsky,
Ci-Jiang He, Tomoko Mitsuhashi,
Richard Bucala, Cecilia Liu,
Christina Buenting, Kirsten
Heitmann, and Helen Vlassara
Orally absorbed reactive
glycation products (glycotoxins):
An environmental risk factor in
diabetic nephropathy Medical
Sciences 1997 June 10; 94(12):
6474–6479.
pubmed
- Wells-Knecht KJ, Zyzak DV,
Litchfield JE, Thorpe SR, Baynes
JW.
Mechanism of autoxidative
glycosylation: identification of
glyoxal and arabinose as
intermediates in the autoxidative
modification of proteins by
glucose. Biochemistry. 1995
Mar 21;34(11):3702-9 .
PMID 7893666.
- T Miyata, O Oda, R Inagi, Y
Iida, N Araki, N Yamada, S
Horiuchi, N Taniguchi, K Maeda,
and T Kinoshita. beta
2-Microglobulin modified with
advanced glycation end products
is a major component of
hemodialysis-associated
amyloidosis. J Clin Invest.
1993 September; 92(3):
1243–1252.
pubmed.
